Agar-Based Biodegradable Plastic: A Sustainable Alternative to Petroleum- Derived plastics

Abstract

Plastic pollution is a primary environmental issue, leading to the seeking for sustainability. This research inquires the possibilities of bioplastics, including agar-based bioplastic, where ethanol is utilizing as a plasticizer, to develop an eco- friendly and flexible, degradable substance. Agar, a natural polysaccharide extracted from red algae, promotes as a remarkable biodegradable polymer. To tackle this issue, ethanol serves as a plasticizer to enhance flexibility and mechanical strength by altering the internal configuration of the agar matrix. The bioplastic was formed by dissolving agar in warm water, contained ethanol, and allowing the mixture to cool and form into thin sheets. The findings indicated that ethanol increased the material's elasticity, while keeping its environmentally friendly characteristics. It also offered minimal resistance to water, a frequent drawback in bioplastics. Additionally, decomposition tests verified that the bioplastic degrades naturally, positioning it as a promising substitute for synthetic plastics. This research emphasizes the promise of agar bioplastic with ethanol as a plasticizer for uses such as packaging and single-use products. Later studies may enhance the pattern and explore the methods for large-scale production. By assuming biodegradable materials, we can minimize plastic waste and protecting the environment as well.