Modulation of nitric oxide by dichlorvos in rats: amelioration of fat-soluble vitamins (d & e) and flavonoids (quercetin and naringin)
Keywords:
oxidative stress, amelioration, naringin, quercetin, vitamins, dichlorvosAbstract
This study investigates the impact of dichlorvos, an organophosphate insecticide, on nitric oxide levels in male rats and explores the potential ameliorative effects of vitamins (D and E) and flavonoids (quercetin and naringin). The research, conducted on 112 male Wistar rats, categorizes them into 14 groups with distinct treatments, including dichlorvos-only, recovery, and various combinations with vitamins and flavonoids over a four-week oral exposure period. Significant body weight reduction is observed in the dichlorvos-only group, with naringin showing the sole improvement in this effect. Dichlorvos is found to elevate nitric oxide levels across plasma, red blood cells, brain, and liver. Vitamin D and quercetin demonstrate variable reductions in nitric oxide concentrations compared to the dichlorvos-only group, across all parameters. Vitamin E, administered post-dichlorvos exposure, consistently decreases nitric oxide concentrations, except for a slight increase in the brain. Notably, naringin increases nitric oxide levels in the brain, red blood cells, and liver beyond dichlorvos levels. In conclusion, the study suggests that vitamins and quercetin can mitigate dichlorvos toxicity by modulating nitric oxide levels in all assessed parameters. However, naringin appears effective mainly in ameliorating body weight effects and in plasma. These findings underscore the potential of specific antioxidants to counteract the oxidative stress induced by dichlorvos, highlighting the nuanced impact of different compounds on nitric oxide regulation. The study contributes valuable insights into potential interventions to counteract the adverse effects of dichlorvos exposure, emphasizing the importance of targeted antioxidant strategies in mitigating organophosphate-induced toxicity.
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