Assessment of Hormone Levels in Men with Fertility Problems Attending a Tertiary Infertility Center in North Karnataka
Keywords:
Spermatogenesis, Male Infertility, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, TestosteroneAbstract
we assessed the serum levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Testosterone (T) which are the principle hormones responsible for the control of spermatogenesis. A total of 125 married men facing fertility problem and 35 proven fathers were assessed for the serum hormone levels and the sperm count, attending a tertiary infertility center in North Karnataka. Statistical analysis of different variables were performed using SPSS 20.0. Significant reduction in mean sperm count and increased Luteinizing Hormone levels among cases was found (p <0.05). There was an insignificant difference between the mean serum levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Testosterone of the cases to that of the control group (p = 0.191, p = 0.228). The current study found significant correlation of Sperm count with serum Follicle stimulating hormone and (p = 0.014) and insignificant correlation with Luteinizing hormone (p = 0.523) and Testosterone (p = -0.078) among cases.
References
F. T. L. Neto, P. V. Bach, B. B. Najari, P. S. Li, and M. Goldstein, “Spermatogenesis in humans and its affecting factors,” Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, vol. 59, pp. 10–26, 2016.
L. Misell, D. Holochwost, D. Boban, N. Santi, S. Shefi, M. Hellerstein, and P. Turek, “A Stable Isotope-Mass Spectrometric Method for Measuring Human Spermatogenesis Kinetics In Vivo,” The Journal of Urology, vol. 175, no. 1, pp. 242–246, 2006.
J. D. Meeker, L. Godfrey-Bailey, and R. Hauser, “Relationships between Serum Hormone Levels and Semen Quality Among Men From an Infertility Clinic,” Journal of Andrology, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 397–406, 2006.
R. Tsutsumi and N. J. Webster, “GnRH Pulsatility, the Pituitary Response and Reproductive Dysfunction,” Endocrine Journal, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 729–737, 2009.
F. H. Martin, Hormones of reproductive system in Fundamental of anatomy and physiology, 5th ed., New Jersey, Prentice Hall, 1057, 2001.
L. Odonnell, “Testosterone promotes the conversion of round spermatids between stages VII and VIII of the rat spermatogenic cycle,” Endocrinology, vol. 135, no. 6, pp. 2608–2614, Jan. 1994.
G. F. Weinbauer and E. Nieschlag, “Gonadotrophin Control of Testicular Germ Cell Development,” Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Tissue Renin-Angiotensin Systems, pp. 55–65, 1995.
H. W. G. Baker, H. G. Baker, D. M. deKretser et al., “Relative incidence of etiological disorders in male infertility,” in Male Reproductive Dysfunction, R. J. Santen and R. S. Swerdloff, Eds. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1986, pp-341–372.
T. K. Jensen, “Inhibin B as a Serum Marker of Spermatogenesis: Correlation to Differences in Sperm Concentration and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Levels. A Study of 349 Danish Men,” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 82, no. 12, pp. 4059–4063, Jan. 1997.
A. M. Mahmoud, F. H. Comhaire, and C. E. Depuydt, “The clinical and biologic significance of serum inhibins in subfertile men,” Reproductive Toxicology, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 591–599, 1998.
O. W. Emiola, A. A. Adetola, A. A. Olufemi and M. A. Oladipupo, “Evaluation of hormonal and physical factors responsible for male infertility in Sagamu South Western Nigeria,” Der Pharmacia Lettre, vol. 4, pp. 1475-9, 2012.
D. M. D. Kretser, “Endocrinology of Male Infertility,” British Medical Bulletin, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 187–192, 1979.
M. Bergmann, H. M. Behre, and E. Nieschlag, “Serum FSH and Testicular Morphology in Male Infertility,” Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 490–491, 1994.
D. M. D. Kretser, H. G. Burger, and B. Hudson, “The Relationship Between Germinal Cells and Serum FSH Levels in Males with Infertility1,” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 787–793, 1974.
J. Zabul, W. Mierzejewski and A. Rogoza, “Usefulness of examining gonadotropin hormones and testosterone in men with abnormal semen,” Ginekologia polska, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 71-4, 1994.
D. M. D. Kretser, “Elevated levels of serum FSH and LH with increasing severity of seminiferous epithelial damage” Clin Obstet Gynaecol, vol. 1, pp. 409-27, 1974.
R. Deventhiran, K. Ramanathan, and N. Nandakumar, “Prevalance Of Male Infertility In India: Studies On The Effects Of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormones,” Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, vol. 10, no. 8, p. 208, Jan. 2017.
E. Nieschlag, M. Simoni, J. Gromoll, and G. F. Weinbauer, “Role of FSH in the regulation of spermatogenesis: clinical aspects,” Clinical Endocrinology, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 139–146, 1999.
P. J. Turek, M. Kim, J. H. Gilbaugh, and L. I. Lipshultz, “The clinical characteristics of 82 patients with Sertoli cell-only testis histology**Presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of The American Fertility Society, San Antonio, Texas, November 5 to 10, 1994.,” Fertility and Sterility, vol. 64, no. 6, pp. 1197–1200, 1995.
J. Singh, “Induction of spermatogenesis by androgens in gonadotropin-deficient (hpg) mice,” Endocrinology, vol. 136, no. 12, pp. 5311–5321, Jan. 1995.
A. W. Al-Rekab and A. Abed Khadim, “Evaluation of serum FSH, LH and Testosterone levels in infertile patients affected with different male infertility factors after IUI technique,” Thi-Qar Med J, vol. 4, pp.112-22, 2010.
G. R. Dohle, M. Smit, and R. F. A. Weber, “Androgens and male fertility,” World Journal of Urology, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 341–345, Jan. 2003.
WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2010.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors contributing to this journal agree to publish their articles under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, allowing third parties to share their work (copy, distribute, transmit) and to adapt it, under the condition that the authors are given credit and that in the event of reuse or distribution, the terms of this license are made clear.
Download Article Template
