Phytochemical Screening and Anti-fungal Activity of Annona senegalensis Pers Leaves and Stem Bark
Keywords:
Annona senegalensis, leaves, stem, phytochemicalAbstract
Annona senegalensis is an indigenous traditional medicinal plant found in Kebbi State, where dermatophytosis is becoming one of the major health challenge. The Annona senegalensis leaves and stem bark were obtained from Yauri L.G.A while, the fungal species namely; Microsporum cani, Epidermophyton flocossum, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentographytes, Sporortrix schehenkii, Candida albican, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger were sourced from General Microbiology Laboratory, Federal University, Birnin Kebbi subjected to phytochemical screening and antifungal activities using standard methods at concentrations of 200, 300 and 400mg/ml. From the results obtained on phytochemical screening of Annona senegalensis leaves and stem bark extracts (aqueous and methanol) indicates presences of alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavanoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, phenols, terpenoids, steroids, tannins and gum/mucilages which are antidermatophytic. Among all the fungal test organisms, Candida albicans showed significant zone of inhibitions (44.0%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes with less inhibitions zone (24.0%) in leaves extracts. While in stem bark extracts visible growths inhibitions Aspergillus flavus had the highest visible inhibition of (33.0%), Trichophyton rubrum (28.0%), Aspergillus niger (30.0%), Candida albicans (27.0%), Microsporum cani (21.0%), Sporotrix schehenkii (21.0%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes had the lowest (18.0%). In both extracts used Epidermophyton flocussum show resistance in which observed with (00.0%) percentage. The bioactive compounds presences in Annona senegalensis leaves and stem bark extracts (methanol) reveals its anti-fungal potentials against the test fungi when properly applied. These indicates the ability of the plant extracts to be used ethno-medicinally as viable antifungal in the treatment and management of dermatophytosis which may help to provide less cost and affordable treatment of dermatophytes infections in the study area and world at large.
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