Cytotoxic Activity of Cell Suspension Cultured and Plant Derived Crude Extracts of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) against Human Cancer Cell Lines
Keywords:
Cell suspension culture, Tongkat Ali, Eurycoma longifolia, anticancerAbstract
There are more than 200 different known cancers that afflict humans. Many researchers currently prioritize their research towards development of anticancer treatments with plant derived products. Our study aims to investigate the anticancer potential of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extracts derived from the cell suspension cultures and the roots, stems and leaves of the mature plants (7 years old) against three human cancer cell lines: A549 (lung cancer), HCT116 (colon cancer) and SKBR3 (breast cancer). Results obtained showed that the chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts derived from the cell suspension cultures exhibit cytotoxicity activities with wide variation of IC50 values ranging from 40.9 to 932.1 ?g/ml. While the three different solvent extracts derived from the root, stem and leaves of the mature plant exhibit better cytotoxicity activity with IC50 between 32.9 and 109.9 ?g/ml. The cytotoxicity activity of the water extracts for the cell cultures could not be determined due to cell viability of the cancer cell lines were above 50%. While the water extracts obtained from the root, stem and leaves showed cytotoxicity activity with IC50 values of 33.7 ? 214.3 ?g/ml. Extracts from the dried cell suspension cultures indicate having similar compounds with the root extracts separated using thin layer chromatography. Hence the cell suspension cultures of E. longifolia can be used as one of the tools for the production of bioactive compounds and as an alternative means for prevention of its eventual extinction. It can also be established as the potential materials source besides the different plant parts for the preparation of anticancer plant-based products
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